The Role of Phase-Separated Condensates in Fusion Oncoprotein–Driven Cancers

Fusion oncoproteins (FOs) resulting from in-frame chromosomal translocations are associated with many aggressive cancers poor patient outcomes. Several FOs now understood to perform their oncogenic functions within biomolecular condensates formed through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Two classes of phase-separating have emerged, those that form nuclear and alter chromatin biology, including gene expression, cytoplasmic promote aberrant signaling, RAS/MAPK signaling. The amino acid sequences the these display LLPS-prone intrinsically disordered regions folded domains synergistically interact themselves other biomolecules condensate formation. This review summarizes roles LLPS in two FO classes, provides examples inhibit physiological normal cells, discusses sequence features commonly enrichment FOs.